tonight on kqed newsroom, a major effort to track and trace coronavirus cases as testing sites expand. plus, federal relief close again to small business owners and nonprofits struggling through the crisis, but will those who most need the help get it? and we connect with a stanford scientist testing novel ideas for masks and other protective equipment in the fight against the coronaviwes. hello, and ome to kqed newsroom. it is week teof shring in place in northern we are continuing our coronavirus coverage. this week the u.s. surpassed 1

million cases of coronavirus and 63,000 peop have died from covid-19. also, six bay area counties announced they have shelter in g place orders extendrough the end of this month. meanwhile, testing is growing and public health officials are focused on context tracing as a second vital phase contain the virus. joining us is dr. rutherford, a ucsf epidemiologist, advisor to san francisco's department of public health, who is leadg the prograthat started this week in san francisco. think you for joining us again. >> thank you for having me. wi >> we get to contact tracing but first i want to talk about breaking news today. the fda e s authorized emergency use of toreduce the mortality and duration of covid- 19. it has beenproven to do this and some studies although one study was negative.how quickly can be utilized? >> i think it is a great step

forward. the fact at there was a negative study from china does e not really bothervery much. that study did not really have a lot of power for people and understand exactat the fects or effects are. the effects of this drug are relatively modest i would say. this does not reduce mortality from 11% down to zero or anything but it is a start. think about how the aids drugs started, firswe had azt and then we added other drugs and dr added othes and all of a sudden it became a curable or at least treatable disease. so i amedquite encourby this and i think we are going to use it as fast as we can get our hands on it. ucsf have been using it a lot in clinic trials and is a fairly straightforward switchover to start giving it to patients for whom it is indicated. wa >> thereencouraging news out of oxford this week saying

that they are about tote start ing a vaccine for the coronavirus. is this a cause for optimism? >> of course. the more vaccin we have the better. but, undweanerve wod s ha toin have to be able to know or be atable to know it is safe to use in humans. k so, i thanimal studies are great. it is a striving forward. but, it isstill a way off. >> let's talk about our perspective in the bay area where it seems we have been flatteningthe curve. if we are doing such a great job, why is it that a stay-at- home orders have been extended for another month when other parts of the uned starting to open arese stat up >> we know something they don't, whichisis that is a deadly virus, and we have managed to avoid massive mortality in the area and in are to take a measured approach to coming away from shelter in place, and i think that the governor and the

boards and the mayors have done the right thing by exteinnd. it, byanas oune, w yowthknorder that will go into effect on monday allows for construction to start back up again. i think we will see enincrl changes over time. and other things will get going again. and that is the right way to do it. rather than flipping a switch ansaying everybody can go do whatever they want. >> we moved into contact tell me about the work being done right now in partnership between ucsf and the ci of san francisco. >> the department ofhe public th is a terrific contact tracing program that we have been able to supplement and add people to. we have been able to create training materials, a supervisory structure, so that we can bring in lots and lots of extra people to do contact tracing which is what you need

the city has disease investigators who are highly skilled and trained, but it is a finite number of people. we have been able to augment it with people from ucsf and then from other city departments like the assessor's office and the librarians. and then with a bunch of other volunteers, our own medical and nursing students as well as retired nurses and phys from around the city. so, that is a big core. we are running about 150 people to do this, which is what you need to do to make this, to really give it the degree and level of attention it needs to have to be successful. >> there has been limited contact tracing already. what is different about this program? is it the s first of kind in california? >> this has been going on for a couple of weeks and it is the most comprehensive one going on

in california. i think other counties initially did ntact tracing as the first cases came in, but ours is the one that is pushing the envelope here as we get deeper into anas we start to come down on the curve. you have torealize that life post shelter in place, contact tracing in isolation in llarantine case findings be the major tools that public health is going to use to control transmission and by controlling transmission, to keep totality low. >> when you say pushing the envelope, what does that mean? are there more pele doing the testing? people from various backgrounds are being trained to do this work. >> it is greaand we have had an out organ of supporfrom across the city. we have ucsf employees and oyci ems from the non- healthcare, and on social

service agencies like the libraries in the city attorney's office and the assessor's office it we have volunteers retired physicians and nurses from thmedical and nursing students, all who are this go. pitch in and make it is a lot of people. we have trained a couple hundred people and we have 150 working on this. we are taking shifts onto work contact tracing. so this is a huge effort. and in a mparable county th might have two or three people doing this. these are the numbers you need to successfully afntrol this r we come away from shelter in place. >> i do wantto ask you about testing. when you are on last you are talking about how the bay area is ramping upsting and you hope that we would be further along than we are. can you tell where weare and how many more tests we need to get to a place where you would fein comfortable? >>san francisco, we are in

good shape and we have temporary shortages of swabs, transport media, and reagents and things, but we really have capacity here due to the generosity of the bio hub and our graduate students from ucsfwhere we are staffing a clinical labora ry. they have repurposed a res laboratory into a clinical laboratory. weave extended thatcapacity to the other health departments in california if they need to use it. so, that is good. there are still, i think, a little bit of hesitancy on the part of providers to use testing. there is a kind of siege mentality still and that is what we are trying to bust through now. you can tell peop can come get tested come on down. we can accommodate you if you want to screpeople at a nursing home for instance, whatever you would like you know, if you want to screen people in a homeless shelter, we havethe capacity.

>> dr. rutherford, six months from now, w well our lives have changed in the bay area from the coronavirus? will we still be were in facemasks? >> i think so, unless a vaccine comes alvery quickly. that is only november. i think if you ask where will we be 12 months from now, i think we would be in the middle of a massive vaccination campaign. right now, if i were to polish my crystal ball and look wh forward, i thin we may be worried about in the fall is a second wave of transmission as kids come back to school. we do not totally understand a number of groups, not i know including hours and stanfords are going to be looking at that as well. trying to really get a feel for whether schools are a good amplification factor for influencing. ha >> you so much for being with us again. >> thanks again, it was a pleasure.

this week, the small business administration started accepting applications once hea detection program. intended as a lifeline for non- businesses and nonprofits struggling to survive. congress approved $310 billion for the program after demand outstripped available money in e first round of funding. joining us now is the owner of a tour company that received company funds through the program. and a community lender that has helped more than900 applicants get ppp loans. thank you for joining us >> thank you. nkntal, beneficial state is a coitmm orsey-ane bd ed k.antype of ppp client you see the average loan ask. so come beneficial state bank, we are a financial institution that focuses on the underserved. so, we ve done thisa long time. the ppp program is very different though. we have seenover 2000

quiries over the st few weeks for this program. as you mentioned, we have approved over 900 loans today. about one fourth of those o are men owned businesses or person of color. about a third of them are two nonprofits, and about 87% of them armission aligned. typically the are small businesses and micro- businesses. so, over two thirds of em are two businesses with less than 20 employees. >> you have noted that the gothrnment guidance on program has been piecemeal and ambiguous. tell us more about that experience. >> it has been well-intentioned to be able to implement these policies d programs quickly because of the urgent and dire need in our communities, but with any massive scale program there are challenges. so, i am going into the opening day.

we did not have all the information to be able to actually set up a loan program that you would expect. very ndamental questions we unanswered, such as what should the loan documents look like? how doen this forgs process work? so, there are a number of factors that they had to update us every day and sometime multiple timer day just to be able to give us the direction of how the program was intended towork and then while that is happening, we had to build systems to be able to handle this tidal wave of loan applications that were coming at us. >> you have been working around the clock i understand for the last several weeks. you have run ur business for nine years. you started it. tell us about coyour tour any and how it has been impacted by the coronavirus? >> we were one of the first se companies to the effects of in coronavirus at the intersection of both corporate events, travel, and food. an

so, my cois a food mptour y and we were doing corporate teambuilding and people entertaining clients. when tech compans started ving work from rehome or no longer flying employees in the for in person events, we started to see the affects and our revenue dropped to zero. d got the amount you asked for. what does that money mean for your business? >> it is nea life it is absolutely you kn,ce twee life or death for a business especially small businesses like ours. so, it is 2.5 months that allows us to have the cash flow to be creative and able to think about new business models as inwe co we have already pivoted to vulte oh culinary experiences offering virtual mythology and taking our bartenders and chefs

online to offer peences, but in the next phase we are going to need to be creative inn terms of reventing our company and continuously finding ways to stay relevant. >> you dihave tolet go some of the employees earlier. with the money are you bringi people back? >> yes. absolutely. it is absolutely intended to be able to rehire those employees and now that we have received the funds we are actively trying to bring more people it actuallyour virtual business is going well. we need those employees to come back in de torvorthe cl now have. >> randall, do you expect the moieney thntat ate has thbeen a for small businesses to go to the intended recipients? >> in the second round, we do hope that it does. there are challenges with the

size of the program and the amount of reach it has. y somo view there is not enough wetone are pushing. today we expect to hit about 1000 applicants where we were able to approve the loans. but, we had over 00 inquiries. so, we are not done. we think that is re esen, tabutit ve what we are se it is going tor the smal businesses. the loans we had funded so far reflects paychecks for about 16,000 employees. wesmare a l bank, that is a big number. but, not big enough. so, where we are right now is you know, it is basically, it looks like you are, there are not enough liobservers, right? so, there has been an initial panic and rush for people to get their applations approved in the first round and we see

that continuing. >> that is one of the interesting things about the program is that it has been a race to get n your applicat before the money runs out. what has that been like for you? >> it is like sprinting a marathon. it was absolutely a lot of work, espeally as a smal business, with incredibly limited resources it up at applications into three different banks, and was able to receive it through one of them. >> randall, i know you have dobu as much ness in the last few weeks as the previous four years. in despite the es in the program, the ppp program, do you think this is the best way to get money into the hands of those who need it most or woul you sathere should have been a different way of doing this? >> i think it is very effective way, but again, it is not enough. i don't think sithat the of the loan is enough. it is enough sifor sses to

have an option to restart, but not necessarily have enough to get them to be able get ba on their feet and stay there. >> what should the amount be? >> i think 6-12 times their payrolfor exampl maybe not all of that is forgivable. they have a chance to pay it back over 10 years or something. is but, really this a very small window of forgiveness. so, what we see is that you go back to the life preserver analogy, folks are panicked d rushing get it. we give it to them and they realize wait, i have eight weeks of payroll that this will cover. i may not be able to hire my employees back. they may not be willing or able to come back. i might not clhave my nts come back. if this is all i get how am i going to restart my e business? thlding on for dear life right now and terrified to jump into the eyter because know it might not be enough. they might not make it more too

>> i'm going to give the last word to you here, what advice would you have for policymakers who are looking to help ústruggling to survive? inesses >> meãresoces. we are entering a new phase and i think that unemployment is one way to gobut i would have loved to see this come before i evenad to lay off employees. i think there could have been more resources upfront, but w th are in the position we are, let's try to help small businesses who are the cultural blood of cities. small businesses, not big businesses are the ones who will bring the arts and culture back into ciety. so, let's make sure they have the resources to stilbe creative. beneficial state bank, thank

you for joining me. >> thank you for having us. >> we should noed that kqis among the local businesses and media organizations that have received a paycheck detection alone. in a few months the fight against the pandemic has revealed an alarmitruth, there are not enough masks, for health goggle workers trying to save lives while avoiding infection. so, a stanford bio engineer is engineering noabl, quickly scalle solutions to this global problem. in his lab, off the shelf e snorkel masks transformed with an air filter to keep out virus particles. unlike traditional respirators the prototbe ypreedca n for up to 28 d are ys anin easily dfected. they also found inspiration in a cotton candy machine. hacking and retooling it to spin the facemask material quickly and cheaply. joining me now is an associate professor of bioengineering at stanford university and a 2016

thank you for joining us. thank you for joining let's talk about the facemask. it is an adaptation of a snorkel mask. tell us how you got started on the design. >> i s returning fra trip to france around march 10. some of the wo that i do is in marine biology and i was starting to see what i saw in europe and thinking that we would be hit withthe same situation right here. and around that same time, in quarantine, actually sitting in this i room itself, started realizing -- u are quarantined. >> that is correct. i had just returned from france and then also i was not feeling that great for some time and ellipse >> excusme, but diyou end up being -- did you end viup the coronavirus? or, what was there another

health issue? >> i had all the classic symptoms. i did get tested and tested negatien. i the day at the hospital but it passed eventually. but, on the other hand, i think what i thought around that time, and being at the hospital and watching how many number of times they througthe ppe away while they were taking care of me, every single time they entered, every request i had ey had to come with fres the context of wh is callelastic respirators and we had to come up with a solution that depends on something already in the supply chain, because the shortage ia supply-chain problem. that is when we started building on the idea of using fullface snorkel masks that could be adapted to the challenge. combining it with viral filters hospitals and are in their o

medical supplies to enable fullface ppe solution which would be an alternative, if no other ppe is available. >> could you show us what this looks like? >> so, i think many of you bewh have out snorkeling have e hior of the ppe solution and respirators themselves and one of the interesting bits here is althis is the origone of my own masks. there is a little coupler here, a space to be able to attach fferent components to it. this was the starting point. we stpartnered with scientific and several other manufacturing partners to build , injection molded coupled partnered with filter manufacturers that make these filters for anesthesia machines

and respiratory circuits which is already a preapproved product. a combination of these three components, a filter, a coupler, and a snorkel turns it into a protective layer for the healthcare workers. >> you have been able to get these out into the field. where have you sent them and wh is the feedback? >> we shipped out the first sets of components for feedback all across the country. at this point we have roughly shthped around 1600 of e units across with another 1000 n leavina day or two. e we are focused qua lot on new york and miami, but one of the ways that we are starting to get these out to people is to think about an equitable way of distributing these so we have a clinical form that anybody can fill out on new

mask.org and we compare to the number of cases in different counties that we are starting to see. if you go on this website you can see a global map of course, we have international partners as well, but for thcurrent distribution it is primarily focused on the u.s. and, you know, the joy in this work has been interacting with clinicians that have been so passionate both engaged with us technically, so th not just our work. we have been able to essentially a grous of individuat come together and many of these clinicians had been thinking about these ideas and we hastarted to bring scientific rigor to these idea i feel like it has been a big family trying to put the solutions out in front of people. >> let's move now to another device that you have working on. you started with a cotton candy machine, and you are ing it to spin n95 grade masks. tell me how this works.

>> everybody knows at this point now with the n95 mask that look like these, that we have a shorta them because of the multiple on the polymer thin is used de of it. it already implies that there is a process that is used at large-scale things like 3m and many other manufacturers and renderers that would make these that has beena bottleck. nd and we started thinking about it from a perspective of not just right here, but places around the world where this pandemic has not yet reached but will eventually reach where there ure no res or thinking about getting access to n95 material. i was talking to a doctor friend of mine in bangladesh, where she related to me thatal many hosphave never even heard of n95, because it is not accessible. and we started asking ourselves, rather than

centralizing facilities that manufacture these, could we think about a small-scale distributed manufacturing for these high grade materials which could then combine with testing and quality control locally. imagine thousands of factories springing up that are producing 10,000 high grade masks. that would be equal to 10 million per day. and the context of cotton candyi as a i have enjoyed eating cotton candy. yo but, ithink about it, what cotton candy is, it melts the sugar and's been suspends it scientifically to generate fibers. we have demonsllated techniin the paper we just posted about not only can we generate a material that has the capacity in equal answer to what the n95 material is, but the breathability would be the same, so it is st l a woin

progress but it has promises which has me excited. >> itat seems fascg and we will keep up with you. thank you so much for being with us. >> thau, thank you for having me. >> to find out more about the project go to new mask.org. al you can ys find more coverage at kqed.org n0/t newsroom. you can reach me through my social medihandle. thank you for joining us to stay safe.

bert: president trump and governors confront economic turmoil. d the former vrment p. faces tough questions. >> i think we did a spectacular job. >> the white house on the defensive amid economic, health and political challenges. and with fresh attacks on longtime targets. >> china is a very su fist kated country and they could have contained. and the world has suffered greatly. >> everyone's entitled to their opinion. but i am not going to make decisions about our public health based on political gains. robert: and the 2020 campaign vice a turn as former president joe biden denies a former aide's allegation of sexual assault. >>